Resources - Science

Space, Health and General Welfare Issues
"Compromised Survivorship in Zoo Elephants," Clubb and Mason, et. al. Science (12/08)

"The Welfare, Husbandry and Housing of Elephants in UK Zoos and Accompanying Figures," University of Bristol, (11/10/08)   (see Accompanying Figures)

"Concepts in the Care and Welfare of Captive Elephants," Veasy, International Zoo Yb. (2006)

"Right here Right Now: Oakland Zoo Improves the Lives of their Elephants," AZA Communiqué (2/06)

"Indoors Natural Substrates for Elephants and Medical Issues Associated with Hard Surfaces," Roocroft, Zoo Keeper Forum (10/05)

"Space required for Elephants," Poole, (www.elephantvoices.com)

"Affidavit of Joyce Poole, Ph.D. in Thai elephant import case," www.elephantvoices.com (9/17/05)

" A review of the welfare of zoo elephants in Europe," Clubb & Mason, RSPCA Report (2002)

"Live hard, die young: how elephants suffer in zoos," RSPCA Report (2002)

Socialization
"The Sizes of Elephant Groups in Zoos: Implications for Elephant Welfare," Rees, J. of Applied Animal Welfare Science (1/1/09)

"Adolescence in male African elephants, Loxodonta africana, and the importance of sociality," Evans & Harris, Animal Behavior (2008)

"The Importance of Socialisation to the Well Being of Elephants," Garai and Kurt, Zeitschrift des Kolner Zoo (2006)

"Elephant Breakdown: Social trauma: early disruption of attachment can affect the physiology, behaviour and culture of animals and humans over generations," Bradshaw, et. al., Nature (2/05)

"Stereotypies in Captive Asian Elephants - A symptom of social isolation," Kurt, Scientific Progress Reports - Vienna (2001)

Training, Chaining and Bullhooks
"Statement on Bullhooks," Anderson, (10/08)

"Politics of Protected Contact," Laule and Desmond

"History of Management in Captive Elephants," Garai and Kurt, Zeitschrift des Kolner Zoo (2006)

"Variation in Stereotypic Behavior Related to Restraint in Circus Elephants," Gruber, et. al., Zoo Biology (2000)

Captive Elephant Breeding
"Fecundity and population viability in female zoo elephants: problems and possible solutions"
R Clubb†, et al. Animal Welfare 2009.

"Asian elephants in zoos face global extinction: should zoos acceptthe inevitable?" Rees, Oryx (2003)

Circuses
"Elephants in Circuses: Analysis of Practice, Policy and Future," Animals & Society Institute Policy Paper, G.A. Bradshaw (2007)

"Are wild animals suited to a travelling circus life?" G. lossa, et. al., Animal Welfare (2009)

Elephant Importation
"Why Inter-Country Loans Will Not Help Sumatra’s Elephants," Hedges, et. al., Zoo Biology (2006)

"Affidavit of Joyce Poole, Ph.D. in Thai elephant import case,"  www.elephantvoices.com (9/17/05)

"An Open letter to the San Diego Zoo and the Lowry Park Zoo Re: The importation of 11 African Elephants from Swaziland," Amboseli Elephant Research Project  (6/24/03)

Elephant Intelligence
"Self-recognition in an Asian elephant," Plotnick, et.al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Science (10/06)

Zoos and Education
"The Captivity Industry: The reality of Zoos and Aquariums," Bradshaw and Marino, Best Friends Magazine (2009)

"Message Received? Quantifying the impact of informal conservation education on adults visiting UK zoo," Balmford, et. al., Zoos in the 21st Century: Catalysts for Conservation?, Cambridge University Press (2007)

Elephant Conservation
"Megaparks for metapopulations: Addressing the causes of locally high elephant numbers in southern Africa," van Aarde and Jackson, Biological Conservation (2007)